AAB Medical Technologist (MT) – Hematology Practice Exam

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• Which coagulation factor is known as the Christmas factor?
• A peripheral blood smear from a patient with thalassemia would exhibit which of the following?
• What is the principal inhibitor of thrombin and Factor Xa?
• Which reagent is used as the fixative in Wright's stain?
• Which type of anemia is typically associated with hemoglobin D disease?
• When centrifuging a sample for hematocrit measurement, which layer will contain the most white blood cells?
• What does an elevated ESR typically indicate in lymphoma patients?
• To calculate the reticulocyte production index, besides the reticulocyte count (%), what other hematological parameter is essential?
• A peripheral blood smear demonstrating small, mature lymphocytes and smudge cells is indicative of which condition?
• What is the primary function of platelets in the blood?
• Reactive leukocytosis is present when the absolute count of granulocytes reaches what value?
• Which laboratory results are consistent with a diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What is considered the most reliable criterion for estimating the age of a cell?
• Which one of the following statements concerning hemolytic anemia is false?
• What is the role of electrical impedance in hematology analyzers?
• Which of the following inclusions represents a remnant of nuclear DNA in an RBC?
• What primarily happens during methemoglobinemia?
• What is the primary function of hemoglobin?
• What can prolonged bleeding indicate in patients?
• Which principle utilizes laminar flow and hydrodynamic focusing to characterize cells based on granularity and reflectivity?
• What is the average lifespan of an erythrocyte?
• Which hemoglobin is resistant to alkali denaturation?
• Giant, bizarre platelets, nRBCs, and teardrop RBCs are associated with which clinical condition?
• What role do the subtypes Gower 1, Gower 2, and Portland Hb play in prenatal development?
• What is the normal range for a platelet count?
• Which anomaly is characterized by bi-lobed nuclei?
• Which stain is specifically used for detecting iron?
• What is hemoglobin F composed of?
• Which stain is positive in acute myeloid leukemia, associated with M2 type?
• How are platelets primarily formed in the body?
• Which hematological condition is best characterized by the presence of "smudge cells" in peripheral blood?
• Which enzyme acts on fibrin during the process of fibrinolysis?
• How is abnormal variation in the shape of erythrocytes described?
• Which disorder is characterized by a defect in heme synthesis?
• What is the main clinical manifestation of chronic myelogenous leukemia?
• A cerebrospinal fluid has 285 RBCs counted in the 5 RBC squares after being diluted in a Unopette (1:100). What is the calculated RBC count per microliter?
• A common treatment for iron deficiency anemia involves which of the following?
• Leukopenia can occur in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
• At what stage will specific (secondary) granules of polymorphonuclear cells appear?
• What is the primary purpose of performing a sugar water test?
• Which platelet disorder is associated with abnormal primary aggregation?
• What laboratory test is used to confirm the specific diagnosis of sickle cell anemia?
• The end result of most coagulation tests is the production of which structure?
• What is the most likely cause of a CBC result showing low RBC, high MCV, and abnormal HGB levels?
• Any cell that passes through the aperture will momentarily increase the resistance of the electrical flow between the electrodes, generating a pulse. This principle is known as what?
• In the context of leukemias, what does maturation arrest refer to?
• Which type of hemoglobin is not normally found in adults?
• What do a low platelet count and a normal bleeding time indicate?
• Hemoglobin S is primarily associated with which disease?
• Myoglobin can be separated from hemoglobin by saturating the specimen with which reagent?
• Which of the following hemoglobins is insoluble under lowered oxygen tension?
• Which of the following is considered a characteristic of a myelocyte?
• The hematocrit is also known as which of the following terms?
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is usually characterized by which of the following?
• Which hemoglobin has a much greater binding capacity for the hemoglobin molecule than oxygen?
• The cyanmethemoglobin method measures all hemoglobin pigments EXCEPT which one?
• What would likely show a low serum iron level in a lymphoma patient?
• Which blood parameter is characteristic of severe infection in the context of neutrophils?
• Which disorder is typically linked to an enzyme defect in the HMP shunt pathway?
• What constitutes the prothrombinase complex?
• Which measurement reflects an average volume of red cells in a given specimen?
• Which type of leukemia does not exhibit peroxidase activity?
• Which hemoglobin variant is typically seen in fetuses but may be elevated in certain adult conditions?
• Which condition is typically signified by an increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow?
• When does the synthesis of Hemoglobin A2 typically begin?
• The substitution of valine for glutamine at the sixth position in the beta chain produces which type of hemoglobin?
• Which disease is associated with a defect in platelet adhesion due to a deficiency in glycoprotein?
• Which component is essential for the activation of plasminogen to plasmin?
• Lyse-resistant RBCs detected by automated hematology analyzers are associated with which clinical condition?
• On automated hematology analyzers, which one of the following factors will affect both the RBC count and the PLT count?
• Which type of anemia is often characterized by the presence of schistocytes in a blood smear?
• What triggers the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade?
• Which clinical condition is indicated by thrombocytopenia?
• What cellular feature is indicative of Pelger-Huet anomaly?
• Which factor assay is related to determining the presence of circulating anticoagulants?
• Which of the following is NOT indicative of von Willebrand's disease?
• When assessing automated hematology analyzer's performance, which factor is critical for accuracy in cell counting?
• A macrocytic anemia characteristically accompanies all of the following EXCEPT which one?
• Acute lymphocytic leukemias that have a predominance of homogenous cells with a high N/C ratio belong to which FAB group?
• Which inhibitor degrades Factor Va and Factor VIIIa?
• Which coagulation factor is also known as 'Stuart-Prower factor'?
• Which type of leukemia is indicated by alpha-naphthol-As-D-acetate esterase (NASDA) results of 3+ and NASDA with sodium fluoride (NaF) results of 1+?
• Auer rods are typically found in the cells of which type of leukemia?
• Which automated assay is specifically used to detect D-Dimer levels?
• What is the primary laboratory test abnormality in a patient with liver disease?
• During examination of a spun hematocrit, in which layer are the white blood cells found?
• Which coagulation family relies on vitamin K for its synthesis?
• Which RBC shows a peripheral rim of hemoglobin with a dark staining central area?
• What is the normal reference range for MCHC?
• Which of the following is a characteristic finding in iron deficiency anemia?
• What is the consequence of sickling in red blood cells?
• What dilution factor is typically used for performing a platelet count from a sodium citrate tube?
• Which inhibitor is the most frequently acquired in hereditary deficiencies?
• What type of cell shows a distinct hypochromic area around the nucleus?
• Which red blood cell inclusion is characteristic of hemoglobin C disease?
• What type of anemia is characterized by low red blood cell production due to bone marrow failure?
• The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which type of leukemia?
• Which of the following would not contribute to an elevated ESR result?
• Scatterplots are created using scatter, volume, and which additional parameter?
• The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) serves as a screening procedure for which plasma factor deficiencies?
• Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is primarily used in the treatment of which disorder?
• Which type of hemoglobin is typically elevated in patients with chronic hypoxia?
• What condition is characterized by a high platelet count?
• In which special cytochemical stain are homogeneously pink cells counted as positive?
• What is the reference range for the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?
• What stain differentiates chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) from a leukemoid reaction?
• Which of the following conditions can result in erroneous counts in hematology analyzers?
• What is a known cause of falsely decreased platelet counts?
• Which RBC inclusion is described as a threadlike oval or figure-eight shaped?
• Which coagulation factor collaborates with thrombin in the conversion of fibrinogen?
• What is the most appropriate corrective action when lipemia is noted after centrifuging a microhematocrit?
• What is the most common form of thalassemia identified in the United States?
• What is the average life span of a platelet?
• Increased iron in the mitochondria of normoblasts is characteristic of which type of anemia?
• What characterizes the blood smear of a patient with Hemoglobin C?
• Scatterplots are created using all of the following parameters EXCEPT which one?
• What type of hemoglobin disappears before birth?
• What is the primary physiological mechanism behind anemia of chronic disease?
• Most chronic lymphocytic leukemias are neoplasms of which subset of lymphocytes?
• Wiskott-Aldrich is a qualitative platelet disorder that is associated with which one of the following?
• In a patient with prolonged PTT, what can indicate the presence of a circulating anticoagulant?
• What laboratory finding is consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in a patient?
• Which inclusion is associated with lead poisoning?
• Which of the following factors is NOT involved in the degree of packing during centrifugation?
• What is measured by MCHC?
• An increased osmotic fragility is typically seen in which type of hemolytic anemia?
• In hemoglobin C, what replaces glutamic acid?
• What does an elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicate in hemolysis?
• What is the most probable cause of decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and other indicative results from a CBC?
• A "shift to the left" refers to which of the following?
• Which cell is characteristically increased in the peripheral smear of a patient with infectious mononucleosis?
• Which plasma protein binds free hemoglobin?
• Factor XII is most commonly activated by exposure to which structure?
• Which of the following functions is NOT involved in hemostasis?
• Panhyperplasia of the bone marrow is associated with which anemia?
• Where should one read the percentage of packed red blood cell column from a microhematocrit reading device?
• In the coagulation process, which factor is known as the 'thrombin receptor'?
• What is the normal range of Hemoglobin A2 in adults?
• What effect does a tilted tube have on the ESR results?
• Which RBC inclusion is NOT visible with Wright stain?
• Which bleeding disorder is characterized by mucous membrane bleeding and can have prolonged PT and PTT?
• Which embryonic hemoglobin is normally found in newborns?
• Which form of hemoglobin is associated with the Gower subtypes?
• What is the largest leukocyte seen on a normal peripheral blood smear?
• How is mean corpuscular volume (MCV) calculated?
• What is the main effect of antithrombin III in thrombin regulation?
• Which stain is known to stain both specific and nonspecific granules in myelogenous cells?
• In the solubility test for hemoglobin S, what is the reagent responsible for the reduction of the hemoglobin molecule?
• Where is the hematocrit value typically measured in a microhematocrit tube?
• Which activated coagulation factor is responsible for converting fibrinogen to fibrin?
• Which laboratory findings are most associated with beta thalassemia minor?
• What does a MCV greater than normal indicate?
• Which of the following results would indicate a need to investigate for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy?
• What is the normal plasma concentration of fibrinogen?
• All of the following tests are associated with the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria EXCEPT which one?
• A blood smear shows 80 nucleated RBCs per 100 leukocytes with a total leukocyte count of 18.0 x 10^9/L. What is the corrected WBC count?
• RNA remnants in RBCs can be visualized by which supravital stain?
• Which hereditary platelet disorder is characterized by decreased platelet production accompanied by Dohle bodies in polymorphonuclear cells?
• Eosinophilia may be seen in all of the following conditions EXCEPT which one?
• What is the origin of platelets in the bone marrow?
• Which subtype of hemoglobin is not considered a normal embryonic form?
• Which CBC parameter indicates the degree of anisocytosis?
• What distinguishes hemoglobin D from typical adult hemoglobin?
• Which determination provides a reliable assessment of effective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow?
• What is the primary inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system?
• In which type of leukemia are the blasts typically positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining?
• To calculate the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), which parameters must be known?
• What is the reference range for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in adults?
• Reed-Sternberg cells are diagnostic for which clinical condition?
• Results showing NASDA 3+ blasts and NASDA with sodium fluoride 1+ are consistent with which type of leukemia?
• What are the main components of hemoglobin?
• Dohle bodies are found in the cytoplasm of which cells?
• What is the normal plasma hemoglobin concentration?
• If the WBC count is 10.5 and there are 5 nRBCs observed in the differential, what is the corrected WBC count?
• What is a common characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia?
• Which tests are traditionally associated with the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
• Which factor is often decreased in patients with von Willebrand's disease?
• What lab results are found in iron deficiency anemia but not in thalassemia?
• Which inhibitor serves as a cofactor and accelerates the inactivation of Factor Va and Factor VIIIa?
• Which derivative of hemoglobin leads to irreversible changes in red blood cells?
• What is the molecular structure of Hemoglobin S?
• Which coagulation factors are monitored in severe liver disease?
• Which test is increased in acute infections?
• What characterizes the red blood cells in hemoglobin D disease?
• An increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate can be the result of an increase in the quantity of which of the following?
• What does a peripheral blood smear show in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?
• Why is citrate agar used when identifying abnormal hemoglobins on cellulose acetate at pH 8.6?
• What is one of the variants due to changes in the β-chain gene associated with sickle cell disease?
• What is the primary purpose of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test?
• Which condition is NOT associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy?
• Both nucleated RBCs and large platelets interfere with which of the following parameters?
• What is the Westergren ESR reference range for males?
• What finding is characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
• What is the significance of an elevated D-dimer level?
• What is a common effect of elevated methemoglobin concentration in red blood cells?
• Which formula is used to calculate MCHC?
• What condition can lead to elevated levels of Hemoglobin F in adults?
• What type of coagulation methodology is monitored by a photoelectric system?
• A leukocyte count greater than the maximum limit of an automated analyzer will typically falsely elevate which other CBC parameter?
• In which type of anemia are RBCs normocytic and normochromic, with decreased RBCs, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, and increased indirect bilirubin?
• Which stain is used to differentiate chronic myelogenous leukemia from a leukemoid reaction?
• Which factor deficiency is primarily assessed through the prothrombin time test?
• What happens to normal embryonic hemoglobin before birth?
• Acute leukemias are associated with which of the following?
• Which inhibitor is known to inactivate coagulation factors through phospholipoprotein components?
• In which type of leukemia is there typically an increase in immature lymphocytes?
• Which RBC precursor is the last to retain the nucleus before maturation into an erythrocyte?
• What coagulation test helps differentiate between a factor deficiency and the presence of a circulating anticoagulant?
• If cryoglobulin is causing WBC cellular interference, what is the best way to resolve this issue?
• In the alternate pathway, which factor activation does NOT occur?
• Which stain is commonly positive in cases of hairy cell leukemia?
• What is the term for the abnormal variation in the size of erythrocytes?
• How does tobacco smoking influence carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood?
• What is the precursor molecule of thrombin?
• Which coagulation factors are considered labile?
• Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase stain is useful in diagnosing which leukemia?
• On automated hematology analyzers, hemoglobin determinations may be falsely elevated due to the presence of which one of the following interfering substances?
• What test is used to screen for sickle cell disease in newborns?
• What is the immediate precursor of the band polymorphonuclear neutrophil?
• Leukopenia can be observed in which of the following conditions?
• What is formed when the ferrous iron of hemoglobin is oxidized?
• What is the main role of methemoglobin-cytochrome C reductase in red blood cells?
• Which of the following is NOT an indication of anemia?
• What is a possible health effect of hemoglobin D disease?
• Which characteristic is indicative of immature red blood cells (RBCs)?
• In the case of a patient with a toddler HGB of 12.5 g/dL, what does this indicate?
• Which coagulation factor does NOT require vitamin K for its production by the liver?
• Which of the following can cause a falsely decreased platelet count?
• Why is it important to understand hemoglobin types in hematology?
• What is the order of migration of hemoglobins on cellulose acetate at pH 8.4 from fastest to slowest?
• What are RBCs that contain iron-stained granules termed?
• Pancytopenia is most frequently seen in which type of anemia?
• What is the consequence of having too much hemoglobin D in the body?
• What potential impact can hemoglobin D have on red blood cell characteristics?
• What is methemoglobin?
• What is the inactive form of plasmin called?
• Which method is considered quantitative for determining the amount of Factor VIII?
• Target cells are present in all of the following conditions except which one?
• What is a common laboratory finding in hemolytic anemia?
• What peripheral smear finding is consistent with reticulocytosis?
• What does MCH stand for in hematology?
• What is the primary function of haptoglobin in the blood?
• In cytochemical staining for peroxidase, which type of cell typically stains negative?
• Acute leukemias are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
• Which stain is best for demonstrating malarial parasites in RBCs?
• Which abnormal condition can lead to an increased indirect bilirubin level?
• What is the most characteristic change seen in the WBCs of the megaloblastic anemia bone marrow?
• In the event of pseudoleukopenia in leukemia patients, what is the recommended action to ensure accurate WBC counts?
• What occurs when there is an accumulation of porphyrins in the body?
• What is the role of fibrinogen in the blood?
• All of the following are characteristic of bone marrow in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia EXCEPT?
• In the context of hematology, what does G-6-PD deficiency primarily affect?
• In acute myelocytic leukemia, what distinguishes type II blasts from type I blasts?
• Basophilic stippling refers to which one of the following?
• What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
• Which of the following conditions may lead to the formation of teardrop cells on a blood smear?
• Which of the following processes is NOT a function of hemostasis?
• Chronic blood loss can lead to what type of anemia?
• Which stain is used to differentiate acute myelocytic leukemia from acute lymphocytic leukemia?
• Which of the following is true of hereditary elliptocytosis?
• Which statement is NOT consistent with toxic granulation of neutrophils?
• What type of blood cell proliferation is typically observed in myelofibrosis?
• Which type of leukemia is characterized by increased basophils and/or eosinophils in its early stages?
• Which FAB classification of the acute lymphocytic leukemias has prominent cytoplasmic vacuolation?
• Which enzyme plays a critical role in maintaining hemostasis by breaking down fibrin?
• Toxic granulation of neutrophils is often linked to which condition?
• Thrombocythemia is most commonly associated with which myeloproliferative disorder?
• What is Hemoglobin A primarily associated with in adults?
• Which of the following is true regarding Glanzmann's thrombasthenia?
• What WBC is least often seen on a normal peripheral smear?
• Which of the following statements about hemoglobin D disease is true?
• Which stain is specifically used for identifying neutral lipids in cells?
• Which other abnormal laboratory finding is commonly associated with myeloid metaplasia?
• Which vitamin K-dependent factor is involved in the common pathway of coagulation?
• If a WBC count is performed on a 1:100 dilution with 50 cells counted in 8 squares, what is the resulting WBC count?
• Which classification of acute myelogenous leukemias is frequently associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy?
• Which leukemia can be identified by a positive periodic acid-Schiff stain?
• Which one of the following is NOT typically seen in the peripheral smear in megaloblastic anemia?
• Which of the following cells is typically seen with increased alkaline phosphatase activity in CML?
• While performing a platelet estimate using 1000X magnification, how many platelets are associated with a normal platelet count?
• Classic hemophilia is the result of a deficiency of which coagulation factor?
• What substance should be added to correct a prolonged coagulation test due to plasma factor deficiency?
• What major symptom is often associated with Hairy cell leukemia?
• Which condition can produce a normal MCV but lead to hypochromic RBCs on a peripheral blood smear?
• What causes immature erythrocytes to appear polychromatophilic?
• Which coagulation pathway is Factor X associated with?
• Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a platelet disorder that has what type of abnormality associated with it?
• What is the expected appearance of a metamyelocyte?
• What can be done to prevent discrepancies between automated WBC counts and estimates caused by smudge cells?
• What role do platelets play in hemostasis?
• What should be done if a cold agglutinin is suspected of causing erroneous CBC results?
• What is a common consequence of Hemoglobin C in homozygous patients?
• In lupus, which cell phagocytizes the nucleoprotein?
• Given the following lab results, what is the calculated MCH if RBC is 3.01 x 10^12/L, HGB is 9.4 g/dL?
• What condition is characterized by decreased haptoglobin levels?
• In a laboratory setting, what impact do schistocytes have on blood counts?
• What results from deficiencies in the enzymes of the porphyrin pathway?
• The degree of packing of cells during centrifugation depends on all of the following EXCEPT which one?
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia is primarily characterized by the predominance of which cell type?
• Which statements are consistent with toxic granulation of neutrophils?
• Which formula is used to correct a WBC count for the presence of nucleated RBCs?
• Which of the following is NOT a finding in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
• Of the following, which is a WBC inclusion?
• What type of anemia is often characterized by reticulocyte counts that are initially increased?
• Which condition would most likely present with a prolonged bleeding time and decreased platelet aggregation?
• Which type of cells are commonly seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
• Prolonged bleeding time in a patient may indicate which condition?
• In a patient with suspected liver disease, what coagulation test result is suggestive of this condition?
• What is the most abundant hemoglobin in a newborn?
• Which test is primarily used to monitor Heparin therapy and detect fibrin split products?
• What could indicate the presence of sickle cell trait in a patient?
• Which hemoglobins are differentiated by the Kleihauer-Betke technique?
• What is the diluent used in the cyanmethemoglobin method for the determination of hemoglobin?
• A prolonged bleeding time with a normal platelet count indicates all of the following EXCEPT which one?
• What role does Protein C play in the coagulation process?
• What is the primary type of hemoglobin found in individuals with hemoglobin D disease?
• Which type of white blood cell can appear with toxic granulation?
• What are erythrocytes with a diameter of 9-12 microns called?
• How can the color of Wright-stained RBCs be adjusted?
• The following are typically seen in the peripheral smear in megaloblastic anemia?
• What component is typically increased in hemolytic anemia, reflecting hemolysis?
• In hemostasis, which factor promotes vasoconstriction at the site of injury?
• What cytological finding helps differentiate acute myelogenous leukemia from acute lymphocytic leukemia?
• Which type of anemia is characterized by a decreased production of heme?
• What is the main characteristic of Howell-Jolly bodies?
• What would a patient with sideroblastic anemia likely show in their bone marrow?
• Which condition is often treated with factor replacement therapy?
• Which acute leukemia is most commonly seen in children?
• What cellular characterizations are most utilized in systems employing laser light scatter?
• Which component is crucial for calculating MCH?
• All of the following sources of error will falsely elevate the ESR EXCEPT which one?
• What characteristic feature is associated with the leukemia known as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• What is the only coagulation test that is sensitive to Factor VII deficiency?
• A prolonged PT and PTT indicate potential issues with which system of the body?
• What is carboxyhemoglobin?
• How common is hemoglobin D disease?
• Which activated coagulation factor is NOT classified as a serine protease?
• Macrocytic anemia is most likely caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?